The Imperial Gridiron: Manhood, “Civilization,” and Football at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Cumberland County Historical Society 21 N. Pitt Street, Carlisle, PA, United StatesMany recognize the athletic success that the famous football teams at the Carlisle Indian School enjoyed during at the turn of the 20th century. Football served as a publicity tool meant to promote the school’s mission to assimilate Indigenous Americans into Anglo-Protestant identities, and it did so in ways that reflected competing ideas about gender, manhood, […]